Breast reduction surgery: everything you need to know about reduction mammoplasty

KEIT Day Hospital has 3 operating theatres, 2 inpatient wards with 10 rooms and 20 beds, an in-house laboratory, and a postoperative resuscitation room, allowing the entire surgical process to be organised within the same facility.
The operating theatres are equipped with ventilation systems featuring HEPA filters, laminar airflow above the operating table, and positive air pressure. These technologies help control air quality and reduce the risk of contamination in the surgical environment. The facilities also include electric operating tables, Surgiris LED surgical lighting systems, Karl Storz surgical instruments, and modern equipment for monitoring patients' vital signs.
The inpatient rooms are also designed to support patient safety and care during recovery. In addition to centralised oxygen supply and medical suction systems, they feature three alarm systems: a bedside device, a portable wrist-worn device, and intelligent sensors integrated into the bed and room environment. These systems alert healthcare staff when a patient requires assistance or when a situation requiring assessment is detected.

KEIT Day Hospital works with an international team of approximately 30 surgeons, including 27 Italian surgeons, specialising in plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. A distinguishing feature of the clinic's organisation is the selection of surgeons according to their specialisation and experience in the specific procedure. For particularly complex operations, surgical teams consisting of two or more surgeons may be assembled.
For breast reduction surgery, the surgeon assesses breast volume and weight, the distribution of glandular and fatty tissue, skin elasticity, the degree of breast ptosis, and the position of the nipple-areola complex. These factors help determine the most appropriate technique, whether an anchor-shaped, vertical, or periareolar incision, depending on the extent of reduction required and the patient's anatomical characteristics. Surgical planning also includes determining the amount of tissue to be removed, reshaping the breast gland, and preserving the blood supply to the nipple-areola complex. The objective is to achieve lighter, more proportionate breasts, improving their shape and symmetry while helping, where possible, to relieve symptoms associated with excessive breast volume.
The surgeons at KEIT Day Hospital regularly attend international congresses, training courses, and conferences to update their professional knowledge and stay informed about scientific developments and surgical techniques within their respective specialities.

At KEIT Day Hospital, preparation for breast reduction surgery involves a structured medical assessment process. According to the clinic's protocol, every patient undergoes at least two consultations with the surgeon, an anaesthesiology assessment, a cardiology assessment, blood and urine tests, and an electrocardiogram (ECG). These examinations are coordinated within the facility, which has an in-house laboratory for preoperative testing.
These assessments allow the medical team to evaluate the patient's overall health, identify potential risk factors, and determine her suitability for surgery and anaesthesia. For breast reduction surgery, particular attention is paid to breast tissue health, the possible presence of neck, back, or shoulder pain, skin irritation in the inframammary fold, and functional difficulties associated with breast weight. Factors that may affect healing are also considered, including smoking, diabetes, obesity, previous breast surgery, and the use of certain medications. Depending on the patient's age, medical history, and examination findings, additional investigations, such as a breast ultrasound or mammogram, may be recommended.
During the consultation, the patient's expectations regarding final breast size, scar placement, and possible changes in nipple sensitivity and breastfeeding ability are also discussed in detail. This approach allows for a personalised surgical plan that balances breast volume reduction, improved body proportions, and patient safety.

KEIT Day Hospital follows infection control protocols developed in collaboration with specialists in infectious diseases and microbiology, with organised inspections of clinical environments and sterilisation processes. Air filtration systems undergo regular maintenance and replacement, while operating theatres are cleaned and disinfected after every procedure.
During surgery, sterile single-use surgical kits and fluid-resistant materials are used to help maintain a sterile operating field. Disposable materials carry identification labels containing information about manufacturing, expiry dates, and traceability, which is recorded in the patient's medical documentation.
Surgical instruments are cleaned and sterilised after each use, following documented procedures supported by records from the equipment used. This system enables sterilisation processes to be verified and traced. The clinic also conducts periodic microbiological testing of its environments and follows antibiotic prophylaxis protocols when indicated by the medical assessment.
Together, these measures, from the management of sterile materials to sterilisation traceability and microbiological monitoring, form an essential part of the procedures adopted by KEIT Day Hospital to reduce the risk of surgical infections.

At KEIT Day Hospital, surgical procedures requiring general anaesthesia are performed, according to the clinic's protocol, using TIVA (Total Intravenous Anaesthesia), a technique based on the intravenous administration of anaesthetic medications. This technique may support recovery from anaesthesia and help reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting, depending on the patient's characteristics and the anaesthetic protocol used. Breast reduction surgery is generally performed under general anaesthesia, with an anaesthetic plan tailored to the duration of surgery, the amount of tissue to be removed, and the patient's individual medical condition.
During surgery, the anaesthesia team continuously monitors the patient's vital signs using General Electric equipment available in all three operating theatres. The facility also has centralised systems for oxygen distribution, compressed air, and medical suction, as well as equipment for difficult airway management, cardiac defibrillators, emergency medications, and backup power and medical gas supply systems.
To manage potential emergencies, KEIT Day Hospital has a postoperative resuscitation room equipped with a ventilator, multiparameter monitors, a defibrillator, intravenous infusion pumps, and other equipment for supporting vital functions. According to the clinic's reported history, this room has not yet been used to treat major complications, but it remains equipped and ready for use in the event of unforeseen circumstances.

At KEIT Day Hospital, patient care continues after the surgical procedure has been completed. Patients generally spend one night at the hospital, during which they are monitored and cared for by healthcare staff. In particular circumstances, the hospital stay may be extended according to clinical needs.
After discharge, each patient is supported by four professionals: a coordinator, a nurse responsible for dressings and wound care, a doctor, and the operating surgeon. Follow-up appointments are generally scheduled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, allowing the medical team to monitor healing, identify potential problems, and assess how the surgical result develops over time.
For breast reduction surgery, follow-up care includes assessing surgical incisions, swelling, breast sensitivity, and tissue healing. Particular attention is paid to the viability of the nipple-areola complex, wound healing in areas of greater tension, especially at the junction of the incisions in the inverted-T technique, and the possible development of seromas, haematomas, or delayed wound healing. The surgeon also monitors changes in breast shape and symmetry and provides instructions on wearing a supportive postoperative bra, caring for scars, and gradually resuming daily activities and physical exercise. For international patients, care may continue after they return to their home country through communication with the medical team and follow-up appointments arranged according to individual needs.

One of the defining features of the services provided at KEIT Day Hospital is the emphasis on transparency and documentation throughout the surgical process. A complete medical record is prepared for every procedure, documenting preoperative assessments, the operation performed, the surgical techniques used, and information relating to postoperative recovery.
The clinic also uses photographic documentation taken before and after surgery to monitor the development of surgical results, in accordance with personal data protection requirements and medical confidentiality. Each patient receives a service contract, an official invoice, and an informed consent form, which is sent before surgery to allow sufficient time to review information about the procedure, potential risks, benefits, and alternative treatment options.
KEIT Day Hospital also provides an Official Guarantee Certificate, which defines the clinic's responsibilities and the conditions under which expenses may be covered in the event of complications during or after surgery, as specified in the document. The specific guarantee conditions are communicated to the patient before the operation, allowing her to understand the applicable terms and limitations of coverage in advance.